Sterilization can be defined as any method or process that removes kill or deactivate all forms of microorganism present on a surface, object or fluid

There are four main methods of sterilization in microbiology:
Physical method
Radiation method
Ultrasonic method
Chemical methods

At Femvel we use the most common physical methods, which includes moist heat e.g autoclaving, dry heat e.g flaming, radiation e.g uv, gas e.g. ozone and filtration sterilization.

1.Autoclaving:
uses pressurized steam to heat the material to be sterilized. There are three types of autoclaving ;
gravity displacement, positive pressure displacement and negative pressure displacement(vacuum,)

2. Dry heating Dry heating has one crucial difference from autoclaving. You’ve guessed it – there’s no water, so protein hydrolysis can’t take place.

Instead, dry heat tends to kill microbes by oxidation of cellular components. This requires more energy than protein hydrolysis so higher temperatures are required for efficient sterilization by dry heat

3. Ethanol
commonly used as a disinfectant, but isopropanol is a better solvent for fat and is probably a better option.

Both solvents work by denaturing proteins through a process that requires water, so they must be diluted to 60–90% in water to

4 radiation

UV, x-rays, and gamma rays are all types of electromagnetic radiation that have profoundly damaging effects on DNA, so make excellent tools for sterilization.

The main difference between them, in terms of their effectiveness, is their penetration.

UV has limited penetration in air so sterilization occurs in only a fairly small area around the lamp. However, it is relatively safe and is quite useful for sterilizing small areas, like laminar flow hood
However it is worthy of note that for an effective micro lab sterilization, the importance of sweeping, dusting and mobbing of the floor with Antiseptics.

Can't be Overemphasised.