How do Bifacial Solar Panels Work?

The design and functioning of bifacial solar panels are relatively straightforward, yet remarkably effective. Just like conventional solar panels, they are made up of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. However, what sets bifacial panels apart is their transparency and the inclusion of additional features.

Front-Side Absorption: Like traditional solar panels, the front side of bifacial panels absorbs direct sunlight. When sunlight strikes the front surface of the panel, photons are absorbed by the semiconductor material within the solar cells, creating electron-hole pairs. These electrons are then collected and channelled through conductive pathways to generate direct current (DC) electricity.

Back-Side Reflection: Bifacial panels have a unique feature where sunlight that is not initially absorbed on the front side can be reflected from surrounding surfaces, such as the ground or nearby objects. The transparent backsheet or glass on the backside allows a portion of this reflected sunlight to reach the rear surface of the solar cells.

Back-Side Absorption: When the reflected sunlight reaches the back surface of the solar cells, it can be absorbed and converted into additional electricity. The backside of bifacial panels is designed to capture and utilize this additional solar energy, further enhancing the overall energy yield.

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