I am so glad reading the report about "Tinubu Directs Crude Oil Sales To Be Handled By CBN, No Longer NNPCL". this motivates me to put this forward. There is a lot to learn.

A System That Discourages Corruption: How Can The Government Build This

Building a system that discourages corruption requires a multi-faceted approach involving legal, institutional, cultural, and technological elements. Here are some strategies:

1. Transparent Governance Structures: Establish transparent processes and procedures for decision-making, budget allocation, and resource management. Transparency allows stakeholders to monitor activities and detect any irregularities or signs of corruption.

2. Accountability Mechanisms: Implement mechanisms to hold public officials and institutions accountable for their actions. This includes robust auditing processes, independent oversight bodies, and strict enforcement of laws against corruption.

3. Strong Legal Framework: Enact and enforce comprehensive anti-corruption laws that define corrupt practices, prescribe penalties, and protect whistleblowers. Ensure that the legal framework covers both public and private sector corruption.

4. Educating and Empowering Citizens: Promote civic education and empower citizens to actively participate in the democratic process. Educated and informed citizens are better equipped to recognize corruption and demand accountability from their leaders.

5. Promotion of Ethical Leadership: Foster a culture of ethical leadership and integrity within public and private institutions. Leaders should set a positive example by adhering to high ethical standards and promoting a zero-tolerance policy towards corruption.

6. Strengthening Institutions: Invest in building strong and independent institutions, including judiciary, law enforcement agencies, and anti-corruption bodies. Ensure these institutions have the necessary resources, expertise, and autonomy to effectively investigate and prosecute cases of corruption.

7. International Cooperation: Collaborate with international organizations and other countries to share best practices, expertise, and resources in combating corruption. International cooperation can help address transnational forms of corruption and money laundering.

8. Use of Technology: Leverage technology to enhance transparency, accountability, and efficiency in government operations. Implement e-government systems, online platforms for public procurement, and digital tools for monitoring public spending.

9. Financial Oversight: Implement strict financial oversight mechanisms to prevent mismanagement of public funds and track the flow of money. This includes implementing budget transparency measures, conducting regular financial audits, and strengthening financial regulations.

10. Incentivizing Integrity: Recognize and reward integrity, honesty, and ethical behavior within organizations and society. Incentives such as performance-based bonuses, awards, and promotions can motivate individuals to uphold ethical standards and resist corruption.

11. Encouraging Whistleblowing: Establish channels for individuals to report instances of corruption safely and anonymously. Protect whistleblowers from retaliation and provide them with legal and institutional support.

12. Continuous Monitoring and Evaluation: Regularly monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures and policies. Adapt strategies based on emerging trends, challenges, and lessons learned from past experiences.

By implementing these strategies comprehensively and consistently, societies can create a conducive environment that discourages corruption and promotes integrity, accountability, and good governance.

1. Independent Audits: Regular audits conducted by independent bodies to review financial records and ensure compliance with regulations.

2. Financial Transparency: Open disclosure of financial statements, budgets, and expenditures to the public.

3. Performance Metrics: Establishing clear performance indicators for government agencies and departments, regularly monitored and reported.

4. Freedom of Information Laws: Legislation granting citizens access to government documents and information upon request.

5. Public Disclosure of Assets: Mandating public officials to disclose their assets and financial interests to prevent conflicts of interest.

6. Whistleblower Protection Laws: Legal protections for individuals reporting instances of corruption or misconduct.

7. Citizen Oversight Committees: Committees comprising citizens tasked with monitoring government activities and expenditures.

8. Ethics Training Programs: Providing training on ethical conduct and decision-making for public officials and employees.

9. Code of Conduct Enforcement: Enforcing codes of conduct and ethics guidelines for public servants and elected officials.

10. Public Hearings and Inquiries: Holding public hearings and inquiries to investigate government actions and policies.

11. Media Oversight: Independent media outlets reporting on government activities and holding officials accountable.

12. Online Transparency Platforms: Creating online portals for citizens to access government data and information.

13. Anti-Corruption Agencies: Establishing specialized agencies to investigate and prosecute cases of corruption.

14. Judicial Review: Courts reviewing the constitutionality of laws and government actions.

15. Election Monitoring: International and domestic observers overseeing electoral processes to ensure fairness and transparency.

16. Civil Society Engagement: Engaging civil society organizations in monitoring government activities and advocating for accountability.

17. Public Feedback Mechanisms: Soliciting feedback from citizens on government services and performance.

18. Independent Inspections: Conducting independent inspections of government facilities and projects.

19. Performance-Based Budgeting: Allocating funds based on performance metrics and outcomes rather than inputs.

20. Conflict of Interest Disclosure: Requiring public officials to disclose potential conflicts of interest and recuse themselves from relevant decisions.

21. Stakeholder Consultations: Consulting with stakeholders and affected parties when making policy decisions.

22. Open Meetings Laws: Mandating that government meetings and proceedings be open to the public.

23. International Treaties and Conventions: Ratifying international agreements aimed at combating corruption and promoting transparency.

24. Internal Controls and Compliance Officers: Establishing internal controls and compliance officers within government agencies.

25. Executive Accountability Hearings: Holding hearings to hold executive branch officials accountable for their actions.

26. Regular Reporting Requirements: Requiring government agencies to submit regular reports on their activities and expenditures.

27. Merit-Based Hiring Practices: Implementing merit-based criteria for hiring and promoting government employees.

28. Professional Associations and Standards: Professional associations setting standards and codes of conduct for their members in public service.

29. Financial Disclosure Laws: Requiring public officials to disclose their income, assets, and liabilities.

30. Performance Audits: Assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of government programs and operations.

31. Public Education Campaigns: Educating citizens about their rights and responsibilities in holding government accountable.

32. Internal Investigations Units: Establishing internal units within government agencies to investigate allegations of misconduct.

33. Budget Transparency Laws: Requiring governments to publish detailed budget information, including revenues and expenditures.

34. Public Ethics Commissions: Creating independent commissions to oversee ethical standards in government.

35. Ethics Hotlines: Establishing hotlines for reporting ethics violations anonymously.

36. Civil Service Reform: Implementing reforms to improve the professionalism and integrity of the civil service.

37. Open Data Initiatives: Making government data available to the public in open and machine-readable formats.

38. Public-Private Partnerships Oversight: Establishing mechanisms to oversee public-private partnerships and prevent corruption.

39. Social Accountability Mechanisms: Engaging citizens and communities in monitoring and evaluating government programs and services.

40. Performance Bonuses and Incentives: Providing bonuses and incentives based on performance and achievement of targets.

41. Legislative Oversight Committees: Committees within legislatures tasked with overseeing government activities and expenditures.

42. Third-Party Audits and Reviews: Commissioning independent firms to conduct audits and reviews of government programs.

43. Asset Recovery Initiatives: Recovering assets stolen through corruption and returning them to the public treasury.

44. Compliance Monitoring: Monitoring compliance with laws, regulations, and ethical standards.

45. Financial Disclosures for Political Candidates: Requiring political candidates to disclose their financial interests and sources of income.

46. Ethical Leadership Programs: Providing training and support for leaders to promote ethical conduct and integrity.

47. Public Integrity Units: Establishing units within law enforcement agencies dedicated to investigating public corruption.

48. Citizen Report Cards: Surveys conducted among citizens to assess the quality and performance of public services.

49. Performance-Based Contracts: Awarding contracts based on performance criteria and outcomes.

50. Performance Evaluation Committees: Committees tasked with evaluating the performance of government agencies and officials.

51. Participatory Budgeting: Allowing citizens to participate in the decision-making process for budget allocations.

52. International Peer Reviews: Participating in peer reviews with other countries to assess and improve accountability mechanisms.

53. Asset Management Systems: Implementing systems to track and manage government assets to prevent misappropriation.

54. Internal Whistleblower Policies: Establishing internal policies and procedures for reporting misconduct and protecting whistleblowers.

55. E-Government Services: Providing online services for citizens to access government information and services.

56. Probity Checks for Contractors: Conducting background checks on contractors to ensure they meet ethical and legal standards.

57. Automated Auditing Systems: Using technology to automate auditing processes and detect anomalies.

58. External Quality Assurance Reviews: Commissioning external reviews to assess the quality and integrity of government operations.

59. Conflict Resolution Mechanisms: Establishing mechanisms for resolving conflicts and disputes fairly and transparently.

60. Anti-Money Laundering Laws: Enacting laws to prevent the laundering of illicit funds and assets.

61. Open Contracting Standards: Adopting standards for transparent and competitive procurement processes.

62. Public Trustee Offices: Offices appointed to manage and oversee public assets and investments on behalf of the public.

63. Public Asset Registers: Maintaining registers of public assets to prevent loss and mismanagement.

64. Ethical Screening of Investments: Screening investments to ensure they comply with ethical and social standards.

65. Public Disclosure of Lobbying Activities: Requiring lobbyists to disclose their activities and expenditures.

66. Performance Benchmarking: Comparing government performance against benchmarks and best practices.

67. Legislative Impact Assessments: Assessing the potential impact of proposed legislation on accountability and transparency.

68. Government Procurement Reviews: Reviewing government procurement processes to ensure fairness and competitiveness.

69. Public Trust Funds: Establishing funds to manage and invest public assets for the benefit of future generations.

70. Asset Tagging and Tracking: Tagging and tracking government assets to prevent theft and loss.

71. Citizen Advisory Board*: Establishing advisory boards comprised of citizens to provide input and oversight on government activities.

72. Good Governance Principles: Adopting principles and guidelines for good governance, transparency, and accountability.

73. Performance Scorecards: Creating scorecards to track and measure government performance against key indicators.

74. Stakeholder Engagement Strategies: Developing strategies to engage stakeholders in decision-making and oversight processes.

75. Government Ethics Codes: Developing codes of conduct and ethics for government officials and employees.

76. Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships: Collaborating with multiple stakeholders to address governance challenges and promote accountability.

77. Internal Controls and Auditing Standards: Establishing standards and procedures for internal controls and auditing.

78. Public Asset Management Plans: Developing plans to manage and maintain public assets effectively.

79. Financial Disclosure Requirements for Public Officials: Requiring public officials to disclose their financial interests and investments.

80. Performance Review Boards: Boards tasked with reviewing and evaluating the performance of government agencies and officials.

81. Procurement Integrity Units: Units within government agencies responsible for ensuring integrity in procurement processes.

82. Performance Improvement Plans: Developing plans to address performance issues and enhance accountability.

83. Public Complaint Mechanisms: Establishing mechanisms for citizens to file complaints and grievances against government agencies.

84. Citizen Scorecards: Using scorecards to assess government performance from the perspective of citizens.

85. Independent Ethics Advisors: Appointing independent advisors to provide guidance on ethical issues and conflicts of interest.

86. Compliance Reporting Systems: Implementing systems for reporting and tracking compliance with laws and regulations.

87. Open Government Partnerships: Participating in international initiatives to promote open government and transparency.

88. Performance-Based Funding: Allocating funds based on the achievement of performance targets and outcomes.

89. Anti-Corruption Task Forces: Creating task forces to investigate and prosecute cases of corruption.

90. Public Disclosure of Meeting Minutes: Publishing meeting minutes and records of government proceedings.

91. Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Frameworks: Developing frameworks to monitor and evaluate government performance systematically.

92. Citizen Satisfaction Surveys: Conducting surveys to assess citizen satisfaction with government services and performance.

93. Public Integrity Pacts: Agreements between government agencies and stakeholders to promote transparency and integrity.

94. Ethics Training for Contractors: Providing training on ethical standards and compliance requirements for government contractors.

95. Public Asset Inventories: Conducting inventories of public assets to ensure they are accounted for and properly managed.

96. Public Accountability Reports: Publishing reports on government activities, achievements, and challenges.

97. Public Integrity Awards: Recognizing individuals and organizations for their contributions to promoting integrity and accountability.

98. Public Interest Litigation: Allowing citizens to file lawsuits in the public interest to challenge government actions.

99. Ethical Leadership Certifications: Certifying leaders and organizations committed to ethical conduct and transparency.

100. Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation: Engaging citizens in monitoring and evaluating government programs and projects.

These accountability mechanisms cover a wide range of strategies and tools aimed at promoting transparency, integrity, and responsibility in government and public institutions. Depending on the context and specific needs of each jurisdiction, a combination of these mechanisms may be employed to strengthen accountability and good governance.

Those are all good but there is one you relegate.
Citizens ethics.
No system can survive when the majority doesn't want it.