Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (13 November 1504 – 31 March 1567), (lit. 'the Magnanimous'), was a German nobleman and champion of the Protestant Reformation, notable for being one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany.
Ulrich von Jungingen (1360 – 15 July 1410) was the 26th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1407 to 1410. His policy of confrontation with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland would spark the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War and lead to disaster for his Order, and his own death, at the Battle of Grunwald.
Arguments about black versus white racism or one drop rules with the exclusion of other races is a subtle form of racism itself.
Esau was actually a,Semitic man and certainly brown skin but the black and white look to seal the Hebrew heritage so they can promote their sexual Idolatry religion. The whites make up the Scottish Rites Freemasonry whilst the Blacks make up the Prince Hall Freemasonry and both are the Luciferian Illuminati.
EnvyandHate: The Palladium Order conducted myriads of rituals which worshiped Satan directly and were filled with all kinds of blasphemies, sacrileges and sexual excesses with a special group of female Masons, whose female order existed just for the purpose of having woman to engage in these sex magick rituals with.
Not only does homosexual sex apparently play a role in Masonry, but so do homosexual orgies.
Pike, speaking in general of a newly initiated member, says: "he mingles with the crowd of Initiates, and, crowned with flowers, celebrates with them the holy orgies."
Needless to say, Pike does not define "holy orgy." In at least two other locations in his book he mentions that orgies are associated with Masonic initiations.
Freemasonry men and women engage in foggot acts.
The Book of Enoch is an ancient Jewish and Christian religious text that tells the story of Enoch, who was the great-grandfather of Noah. The book describes how Enoch was translated to heaven and the angels came down and taught humanity about science, magic, technology, and many other mysteries. In the book, it explains how humanity used these teachings to build great cities and become more powerful than ever before.
One of the stories in the book is about the two sons of Noah, Ham and Yapeth. According to this legend, Ham and Yapeth were corrupted by their own power and lost their connection to God. It is said that they indulged in sexual idolatry and strayed from Noah's righteous path. As a result, God punished them and their descendents by causing a flood that wiped out most of humanity.
Maria Theresa of Spain (Spanish: María Teresa de Austria; French: Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche; 10 September 1638 – 30 July 1683) was Queen of France from 1660 to 1683 as the wife of King Louis XIV. She was born an Infanta of Spain and Portugal as the daughter of King Philip IV and Elisabeth of France, and was also an Archduchess of Austria as a member of the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg.
There's nothing special about a paper bag's color. It's generally recognized that, among Latin Americans, money "whitens" darker-skinned people and light-skin (especially among women) makes up for other deficiencies. This was no doubt the case in the USA. It must be remembered that "Mulatto Elites" who claimed to be a better class of "Negroes" were NOT "blacks" at all but victims of a legally enforced caste system designed to promote the idea that "races" are like different species who never mate and reproduce. The "Mulatto Elites," Creoles, Melungeons and other multiracial groups had a RIGHT to free association and endogamous marriages. Blacks (the REAL ones) disputed this and believed (still do) that anyone with "black blood" was part of their collective property with no right to disassociate themselves from the "race" that claimed them in the name of a "one drop" myth dependent on self-policing. If an individual came to you crying about being rejected for marriage by someone of higher status, you'd tell them to get over it and find someone else. There is nothing noble about demanding off-the-record interracial marriages (as in "My wife LOOKS white but is really "black" so my marriage is NOT interracial) in the name of a racist doctrine of forced hypodescent
I came across this comment and thought how it reflected my evolution in understanding how people who weren't black were being forced into the category. At first when learning of the Paper Bag test I was ashamed since I am considered lightskin that somehow this was colorism against dark skin blacks. Yet in actuality the One Drop Rules and Racial Integrity Act were concocted by English whites to disavow brown skin Europeans from their heritage and make them Negroes. So all the great kings of France were now painted as white even though they had been historically of a brown and tan color. This includes many other monarchs and nobles of the Middle Ages, Medieval Era and Ancient Times have been conspicuously painted white although they had not been. And it seems Black people played partnership in denying these various smaller races and ethnicities of lighter complexion a place in history, because they wanted to label them all merely mulattoes, that is a product of the dominant genes of black and thus therefore black property. Even some of these Blacks would go so far as to say all Arabs and Middle Eastern people are mulattos and the true Arabs and Elamites were black.
Now you have to do the research yourself and not be lazy by trusting these Black Israelites camps and Black Muslims because they love to confuse you. The Hebrews were an Arab looking race starting from Ishmael to Yacub and Esau. None of them were of the phenotype of black or white. King David looked just like any Arab or Palestinian boy as a child. Esau and the Edomites, King Herod were very Arab phenotype. Beware of sexual Idolaters who serve not God but the evil one they are out to confuse people and lead them away from God.
There are many Italians with brown skin, and it is also true that there were many Romans of varying skin tones, including those with brown skin. The Roman Empire was a large and diverse empire that spanned much of Europe and the Mediterranean, and people from diverse backgrounds served in the Roman military, government, and society.
In addition to the ethnic Romans of central Italy, there were also many people of African, Middle Eastern, and Mediterranean heritage who contributed to the culture, government, and society of the Roman Empire. The range of skin tones and cultural backgrounds among Romans reflects the diversity of the empire and the intermingling of different cultures and peoples.
In fact the classical portrait of the infamous Roman Council of Nicea shows all the attendees as brown including all the bishops and Emperor Constantine himself.
Richard II King 1377-1399, the last of the Plantagenets Richard II reigned 1377 – 1399 as King of England, last of the Plantagenet Period and whilst he started too young and brave confronting peasants revolt early in his reign under the guidance of his Uncle John of Gaunt, his success would be short lived. Most of us learn as we live longer but the reverse seems to be true of Richard.
The same brown skinned people everybody wants to erase were the actual rulers during Middle Ages, Medieval Times and Ancient Times of Europe.
Philippa of Hainault (sometimes spelled Hainaut; Middle French: Philippe de Hainaut; 24 June 1310 (or 1315)– 15 August 1369) was Queen of England as the wife and political adviser of King Edward III. She acted as regent in 1346,[5] when her husband was away for the Hundred Years' War.
Pelayo king of Asturias Pelayo, (737), founder of the Christian kingdom of Asturias in northern Spain, which survived through the period of Moorish hegemony to become the spearhead of the Christian Reconquista in the later Middle Ages.
OP this your thread is really dope, and i believe it can get more views and reach more people than it is currently... but i think you have to take it to the POLITICS section, and change the name (although "identity fraud" is a good name considering the nature of the topic, it can also refer to a lot of other concepts). Maybe somethin like IDENTITY FRAUD: THE BLACK KINGS OF EUROPE or something pointing to the main focus of the thread... NICE WORK, YOUR THREAD IS REALLY EDUCATIVE, PLEASE CARRY ON...
nigeriansamurai: OP this your thread is really dope, and i believe it can get more views and reach more people than it is currently... but i think you have to take it to the POLITICS section, and change the name (although "identity fraud" is a good name considering the nature of the topic, it can also refer to a lot of other concepts). Maybe somethin like IDENTITY FRAUD: THE BLACK KINGS OF EUROPE or something pointing to the main focus of the thread... NICE WORK, YOUR THREAD IS REALLY EDUCATIVE, PLEASE CARRY ON...
My ancestors were not black people. We did not come from Hamites of Africa, although I consider nothing wrong with coming from Ham or Yapeth. But we our own race an offshoot of Semetic people thus our brown skin Some races are smaller than other races and have peculiar characteristics that don't fit into the confines of other races. We did not need large amounts of offspring like the Moors or other African ethnicities to obtain power.. The power that was given to my ancestors was divine. We were in the right time and right place to become rulers over many people who were much larger in size than us. When my ancestor Charles Martel defeated the Moors at the battle of Tours in 725 the Moors had them outnumbered 45,000 to 15,000. We were known to defeat larger groups again and again throughout our history and it was a fact the only way to defeat the Knights Templar was with larger numbers.
The name 'Ham' means 'black,' or 'burnt. ' Thus, Ham, who was one of the three sons of Noah, was black. The Bible, in the Old Testament, repeatedly refers to Egypt as the 'Land of Ham' (i.e., Psalms 105:23, 27; 106:22). The ancient Egyptians in their writings used their word for 'black' to describe themselves
The Bible is more accurate than any book that can be read today even though men have attempted to tamper with the word of God it remains unrivaled. Those brown skin people that now occupy Egypt have only done so since the brown skin Greeks come in and took over. That's why the Fayum Portraits show the Egyptians as brown skin because they are brown skinned Greeks and Romans that took over Lower Egypt. The true Nubians which are the Sub Saharan Africans did not want to mix their black skin so they relocated back up the Nile. Let no one get in your head and tell you that Egyptians aren't black.
The Greek crown of flowers, also known as the mural crown, was a floral emblem worn by the victors at the Olympic Games. It consisted of a wreath of olive, cedar, and laurel leaves. This flower crown symbolized victory and was awarded to the winners in recognition of their strength, skill, and valor.
The ancient Greeks settled in Egypt in the 6th century BC, following the defeat of native Egyptian forces by the Persian empire at the Battle of Pelusium. The initial settlement of Greeks in Egypt was mostly limited to the city of Naucratis, a Greek garrison town on the Nile Delta that was designated as a free-trade zone for Greek settlers. However, the Greek presence in Egypt continued to grow throughout the 5th century BC, and by the 4th century BC a major settlement was established at Alexandria, which soon became one of the most important cities in the ancient world. Over time, the Greeks integrated with the indigenous population and introduced their culture and language to Egypt.
Ham or Nubians did not wear flowers as crowns. The fact that these Fayum Portraits show that these brown skin people wearing flower crowns proves that they are Greeks. As I said before the Greeks and Romans were brown skinned although a small number of them had fair skin. The very pale white skin people came later in history when the Romans ruled Germany because that was the land of Ashkenazs, Gomer, Gog and Magog the pale white tribes of Yapeth. And although my ancestors lived in Germany and said to be of German the Franks actually came from Mediterranean roots.
The Fayum Portraits were made during the late Roman and Byzantine periods, dating to the 1st to 6th centuries AD. The portraits were made by Greek artists living in the Egyptian city of Fayum, which was a Roman province at the time. The Fayum Portraits are known for their exceptional realism and use of color, and many of the portraits are considered to be among the finest examples of ancient Roman art.
The Fayum Portraits are of great historical significance, as they provide a window into the lives of the people who lived in this region during the late Roman and early Byzantine periods. The portraits capture a variety of subjects, including men, women, and children, and their poses, clothing, and expressions provide insights into the daily lives and cultural practices of the people of the period.
Overall, the Fayum Portraits are a valuable resource for scholars and historians studying the late Roman and Byzantine periods, and provide valuable insights into the daily lives and cultural practices of the people who lived in Egypt during this period. Their realism, use of color, and artistic skill make them among the finest examples of ancient art from this period, and their historical significance ensures that they will continue to be studied and appreciated by scholars and art lovers for generations to come.
It's true that Africa's landscape, with its many rivers and other bodies of water, provided a natural transportation system for people and goods. The use of boats and other watercraft for transportation was a major part of African societies, from ancient times to the present. In addition to rivers, lakes, and ocean coastlines, several major trans-Saharan trade routes also developed, with merchants ferrying goods across the Sahara Desert to connect with other regions of the world.
While the invention of the wheel was important in other parts of the world, it was not as relevant in Africa. The wheel is particularly useful for moving heavy items across land, but in Africa, the emphasis was on shipping goods and people by boat. In fact, African boats were often highly advanced, such as the dhow, which had a sail shape that allowed it to sail directly into the wind and cover great distances with ease.
In summary, while the wheel was important in many parts of the world, Africa's natural transportation systems, including its many rivers and other bodies of water, made the wheel less essential for transportation in the region. Africans developed their own unique methods of transportation, such as boat travel, that enabled them to connect with other regions and trade goods and knowledge.
This is my evidence why black skin people descendants of Ham can be found almost everywhere because they were sailing long before any other races.
The Moors were a group of people who lived in North Africa during the Middle Ages, and they were known for their navigational skills and expertise in sea travel. While there were many other peoples and cultures who were skilled navigators, the Moors were certainly among the most accomplished of them.
The Moors were a mixture of Arab and Berber peoples who settled in North Africa in the 7th century and ruled the region for several centuries. They played an important role in the development of Islamic civilization in the region and contributed to the arts, sciences, and trade networks of the period. One of their notable contributions was in the area of navigation, where they developed advanced skill in the use of boats and other watercraft to travel the seven seas.
The Moors were skilled in many aspects of navigational science, including seamanship, astronomical navigation, and the use of instruments like the astrolabe and quibla. They also had a deep knowledge of the ocean currents and weather patterns of the region, which helped them to chart safe and efficient routes across the sea.
In addition to their navigational skills, the Moors were also skilled merchants and traders who played a key role in the commercial networks of the period. They had extensive trade links with other parts of the world, including Asia, Europe, and the Middle East.
Overall, the Moors were a highly skilled and accomplished people in many areas, including navigation and trade. Their navigational skills were an important part of their contribution to Islamic civilization in North Africa and their legacy continues to be felt in the region to this day.
These Moors were everywhere and the Moors Empire remains the largest empire in world history. The Moors Empire stretched across the Pacific to the far east into Malaysia and the Philippines. That's how Islam got to these Asian kingdoms. The Moors Empire fell only because everyone converted to Islam leaving no no Muslims to over tax which paid for the tyrant empire.
There is a historical theory that suggests that Muslim navigators and explorers, including members of the Moorish community, reached the Americas before Christopher Columbus, and that they had maps of unexplored territories in the New World.
The theory is based on the evidence that many ancient maps and diagrams show a continent to the west of the Atlantic Ocean that appeared on maps well before Columbus sailed west in 1492. These maps, it is claimed, could have been passed down through the Muslim world and were made by Muslim navigators who had reached the Americas in ancient times.
While it is impossible to prove definitively whether or not the Moors reached the Americas before Columbus, there is some evidence to suggest that they may have done so. For example, the Arabic explorer Ibn Batuta, who lived in the 14th century, reported that he had heard of a people to the west of Ireland who were described as being "like Moors who had crossed the Atlantic."
Ultimately, the question of whether or not the Moors reached the Americas before Columbus is a matter of historical debate, and there is no conclusive evidence to prove one way or the other. However, it is clear that members of the Moorish community were skilled navigators and traders, and they played a significant role in the development of commercial networks and ocean travel in the Middle Ages.
Yes the Moors reached the Americas centuries before Columbus was even born. They established colonies here that eventually broke off and became their own kingdoms. The Chahta, Washitaw, Chippewa and Creek Indians were nations of Moors. Before you laugh you need read what is missing in your history but most importantly the Africans were way ahead in navigation and shipping.
Indigenous people, including those of the Americas, come in many different skin tones. While a person's skin color may not necessarily be the primary identifier of their tribal or spiritual heritage, it can sometimes be a factor in how they are perceived by others in their community. It's important to remember that all people are deserving of dignity, respect, and equal treatment, regardless of their skin color or any other physical characteristic.
Salome (flourished 1st century CE) according to the Jewish historian Josephus, the daughter of Herodias and stepdaughter of Herod Antipas, tetrarch (ruler appointed by Rome) of Galilee, a region in Palestine. In Biblical literature she is remembered as the immediate agent in the execution of John the Baptist. Josephus states that she was twice married, first to the tetrarch Philip (a half brother of her father, Herod Philip, and a son of Herod I the Great) and then to Aristobulus (son of Herod of Chalcis). She is not to be confused with Salome, sister of Herod I the Great.
Racism and discrimination against brown Jews, or people of color (POC) is a widely recognized and discussed issue in Israel, particularly in regards to the Ethiopian Jewish community.
In Israel, there have been instances of discrimination against Ethiopian Jews, including reports of racist incidents and the use of derogatory language toward them. This includes instances of racial profiling by law enforcement, as well as challenges in accessing education, employment, and other services. In 2020, tens of thousands of protesters took to the streets to protest racism and discrimination against Ethiopian Jews, and demand greater social and economic equality for this community.
In response to these issues, the Israeli government has taken some steps to address them, including the implementation of initiatives and programs aimed at combatting racism and promoting greater social integration for Ethiopian Jews. However, many in the community continue to feel that more needs to be done, particularly in regards to increasing representation in government and other institutions, as well as addressing widespread societal prejudices and attitudes towards people of color.
It is important to recognize that racism and discrimination against brown Jews or people of color is a complex and interrelated systemic issue that requires systemic and individual action to address. This includes efforts to promote greater awareness and sensitivity toward the experiences of marginalized communities, as well as structural and societal changes aimed at reducing racial disparities and improving access to opportunity and equity for all individuals.
There are no white or black Jews. If you read my blog thoroughly you would agree.
In July 2018, human rights attorney Hassan Jabareen, a Palestinian citizen of Israel, called sociologist Yehouda Shenhav. They had been trying since the mid-1990s to find a route for joint resistance to state oppression between Palestinian citizens and Israelis who are Mizrahi Jews (Jews of Middle Eastern heritage, as opposed to Ashkenazi Jews, who are of European origin). Jabareen had never felt the time was right—until that year, when the Israeli parliament passed the Nation-State Law.
The Nation-State Law declares that Israel is the historic homeland and nation-state of the Jewish people. It’s a Basic Law, Israel’s equivalent to a constitutional law (Israel doesn’t have a constitution). Jabareen’s call to Shenhav (a Mizrahi Israeli) planted a powerful seed in Shenhav’s mind. Might Mizrahis want to challenge the law before the Israeli High Court, alongside appeals submitted by Palestinians, including Jabareen’s organization, Adalah? Shenhav consulted co-activist Orly Noy, who called the idea “brilliant” and spearheaded the effort.
The appeal, submitted on January 1, 2019, was signed by nearly 60 prominent Mizrahi activists and intellectuals. Its opening paragraph acknowledges that the law primarily targets Palestinian citizens, but Noy says the petition is far more radical than a solidarity statement. “We’re petitioning because [the Nation-State Law] also discriminates against us.” The law damages Mizrahis’ connection to their roots, culture, language, and “our ability to understand ourselves as a natural part of the geopolitical environment, which Israel very systematically tried to destroy.” The petition aims to pick up the pieces of the fractured Mizrahi identity and rebuild it, whole, complete, and proud.
Nicholas Francis (French: Nicolas François; 6 December 1609 – 25 January 1670), also known as Nicholas II, was briefly Duke of Lorraine and Duke of Bar for a few months in 1634, spanning the time between the abdication of his older brother and his own resignation. He was therefore duke during the invasion of Lorraine by the French in the Thirty Years War.
Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie, prince de Genevois and duc de Nemours 1567–13 August 1595) was a French prince étranger, governor, military commander and rebel during the latter French Wars of Religion. The eldest son of Jacques de Savoie and Anne d'Este, Nemours was a member of a prominent princely family. He entered French political at the age of 18 as a partisan of the second Catholic ligue, rallying cavalry to the rebel army, and assisting in forcing Henri III to capitulate to their demands. In the following years, the king was compelled by the terms of the peace to make war against Protestantism. The former rebel ligueurs hoped the 'cowed' king would afford them advantage, but Henri was keen to dilute the authority of the former rebels. As a result Nemours' position as colonel-general of the light cavalry was diluted with several appointments of royal favourites. During this period, Nemours coveted the governate of the Lyonnais, which had previously been held by his father before 1571. When François de Mandelot, who held the office, died in November 1588, Henri was compelled to recognise Nemours as the new governor due to his political weakness. Frustrated at his continued capitulations to the ligue, on 23 December 1588, Henri assassinated the leader of the ligue the duke of Guise. In the wake of the assassination, Nemours and other ligueur leaders were arrested by the king. Nemours was however quickly able to bribe his guards and secure freedom.
Giacomo Antonio della Torre or Jacopo-Antonio dalla Torre (died 1486) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Cremona (1476–1486) Bishop of Parma (1463–1476), Bishop of Modena (1444–1463),and Bishop of Reggio Emilia 1439–1444
St. Bernard of Clairvaux is known as one of the co founders of the Knights Templar, and the uncle of Hugues de Payens, the first Grandmaster of the Order. The Knights Templar were a medieval military order established during the Crusades to protect Christian pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land. They were known for their bravery and dedication, and were influential in the protection of European interests in the Middle East.
Hugues de Payens, the first Grandmaster of the Knights Templar, was a close friend and follower of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, and the Knights Templar were known for their strict adherence to the ideals of St. Bernard and his teachings. St. Bernard's influence on the Order, along with his role in the growth and development of Europe, is a testament to his lasting impact on European history and culture.
“A good conscience is a treasury of riches. Indeed, what greater riches can there be – or what can be sweeter – than a good conscience?….St Bernard
A good conscience is a healthy conscience. It is one that is cleared of offenses toward God and toward people. It gives boldness and confidence in the Christian believer's life, and it is the one thing what will keep us going during storms of persecution
He who has iniquity in his heart losses the chance for Elohim to answer his prayers.
Psalms 66 If I regard iniquity in my heart, the Lord will not hear me:
It is true that there is a long-standing belief that the Hebrews, also known as the ancient Israelites, were a brown-skinned people. This view is based on the fact that the Middle East and North Africa are made up of people with a range of skin tones, from light to dark, and that the geographical location of the ancient kingdom of Judah and Israel would have placed its inhabitants in close proximity to other peoples of the region. Additionally, some ancient Jewish texts, such as the Talmud, suggest that the Israelites were described as having dark skin. However, this historical question is still subject to debate among scholars, and there are various perspectives on the skin color of the Hebrews.
These evil gay Black Americans that come from low caste people thought by burying me alive they could bury the truth that the Hebrews were actually brown skinned not black or white. Because of the royal lineage of De France I come from that traces back to Champagne France the home of the Knights Templar who were Merovingians. Royal portraits which are expensive artworks show all my ancestors as having brown skin and Middle Eastern phenotype. I don't have Middle Eastern phenotype but I am closer genetically to them that any black skin Black American claiming that he or she is a Hebrew. And it's alot more just looks its character traits and spiritual gifts that I inherited that sets me completely apart from them. Those of my YDNA paternal lineage were produced by Middle Eastern men and not black African men so essentially I am not African.
The quote can be found in Benjamin Franklin's 1751 essay "Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peoplingof Nations and the Source of Races and Languages," which was published in the Pennsylvania Gazette.
In the context of Franklin's quote, "swarthy" is typically used to describe a tanned or light brownish complexion, while "tawny" can refer to a darker or blackish complexion. However, it's worth noting that the terms "swarthy" and "tawny" have a long history of use in various contexts and their precise meanings may vary depending on the time period and cultural context. In any case, it is important to understand that these terms are rooted in historical and cultural assumptions about race, ethnicity, and skin color that may not accurately reflect the diversity and complexity of human beings.
Alexander N. SteinerClick here to view Alexander N. Steiner’s profile
Published Sep 8, 2019
By Alexander N. Steiner
No other empire and culture deserves the title “Greatest Civilization in World’s History” more than that of Ancient Rome.
Most people Today are not aware of the huge legacy that the Ancient Romans gave us and therefore in this article I am going to give you, the reader, a brief overview of Ancient Rome’s contribution to our modern daily life. You will learn why I believe that Ancient Rome is the most important civilization in all of our history and most likely discover and be able to make a connection to your personal background.
And to already throw in the first quick fact as we speak of "civilization": Even the word itself has its origin in the Latin term of “Civitas”, with which the Romans described their city state of Rome.
So let's start and first have a look at the Ancient Roman civilization itself:
Officially founded as the Roman Kingdom in 753 BC, later running as the Roman Republic, then as the Roman Empire and finally as the Eastern Roman Empire (aka the Byzantine Empire) up until its end in 1453 AD, the Romans made quite a journey through the ages. That’s over 2,200 years of history!
The Roman Empire itself also holds the Guinness World Record as "the Longest Lasting Empire in History", listed on their website as around 1,500 years.
The term “Byzantine Empire” was coined only a very short time ago by some historians, while inhabitants of the “Byzantine Empire” never called themselves like that and considered themselves simply as inhabitants of Eastern Rome.
At its peak in around 150 AD, 36% of the world's population lived in the Roman Empire and Rome was the first city in history to reach 1 Million inhabitants.
The Roman Empire embraced a territory of over 4.4 Million square kilometers, which is pretty much the same area as the modern European Union.
To manage their empire Ancient Romans introduced a high level of bureaucracy and the practice of writing everything down. This is important because documenting everything is one of the reasons why we know so much about the Romans Today and is also the reason why so many of the Roman best practices were passed on to the civilizations following them.
Inventing and Spreading the Western Culture The Romans were the main force in spreading many aspects of what is known Today as the "Western Culture". This includes:
Western values, government and law concepts (see further below) Civil engineering and infrastructure The welfare state An organized military Christianity (world’s most spread religion) Architecture (domes, large arches, vaults, amphitheaters, racing arenas) Art (including mosaics and sculptures) Literature (e.g. Caeser's "Gallic Wars", Virgil’s “Aeneid”, Seneca, Ovid, Marcus Aurelius et al.) Shopping centers (Imperia fora) Food (e.g. Gnocchi, Burgers) Wine culture ...and much more A lot of what we experience Today as the “Western values” most likely was a value back then in Rome as well (mos maiorum). Work hard, be creative and practical, respect your family, country and gods, fight for your freedom, be good, just and trustworthy, act wise, be brave and strong, show moderation and endurance – just to name a few. In the modern era these Western values were spread by the British Empire and the Reformed Christianity with their colonies throughout the whole world.
Forum Romanum, Rome Inventing the 19th Century City The Romans were master builders and constructed cities that had buildings with up to 7 storeys (insula) as well as iconic land marks, many of which you can still visit Today (the Colosseum, the Pantheon, the Forum Romanum).
Many of the Roman structures survived to this day because the Romans invented a special light, but strong and water-resistant type of concrete. As a result you can e.g. still see some of the gigantic 2,000 year old bridges Today, e.g. the Pont du Gard.
The Romans were so good at building that one time the famous Julius Caeser constructed a bridge over the Rhine river within two weeks, crossed it with his army, camped a few days and then returned back destroying the bridge behind him. All just to show the barbarians that the Romans simply can come over at any time and crush them if they want to.
Furthermore, Roman civil engineering and technological inventions, many of which were not rediscovered up until the Industrial Age (!), included:
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Text and all photos copyright Alexander Steiner. How Ancient Rome Still Rules Our Modern World
Alexander N. SteinerClick here to view Alexander N. Steiner’s profile Alexander N. Steiner Partner Manager Manufacturing Solutions… Published Sep 8, 2019 + Follow By Alexander N. Steiner
No other empire and culture deserves the title “Greatest Civilization in World’s History” more than that of Ancient Rome.
Most people Today are not aware of the huge legacy that the Ancient Romans gave us and therefore in this article I am going to give you, the reader, a brief overview of Ancient Rome’s contribution to our modern daily life. You will learn why I believe that Ancient Rome is the most important civilization in all of our history and most likely discover and be able to make a connection to your personal background.
And to already throw in the first quick fact as we speak of "civilization": Even the word itself has its origin in the Latin term of “Civitas”, with which the Romans described their city state of Rome.
So let's start and first have a look at the Ancient Roman civilization itself:
Officially founded as the Roman Kingdom in 753 BC, later running as the Roman Republic, then as the Roman Empire and finally as the Eastern Roman Empire (aka the Byzantine Empire) up until its end in 1453 AD, the Romans made quite a journey through the ages. That’s over 2,200 years of history!
The Roman Empire itself also holds the Guinness World Record as "the Longest Lasting Empire in History", listed on their website as around 1,500 years.
The term “Byzantine Empire” was coined only a very short time ago by some historians, while inhabitants of the “Byzantine Empire” never called themselves like that and considered themselves simply as inhabitants of Eastern Rome.
At its peak in around 150 AD, 36% of the world's population lived in the Roman Empire and Rome was the first city in history to reach 1 Million inhabitants.
The Roman Empire embraced a territory of over 4.4 Million square kilometers, which is pretty much the same area as the modern European Union.
To manage their empire Ancient Romans introduced a high level of bureaucracy and the practice of writing everything down. This is important because documenting everything is one of the reasons why we know so much about the Romans Today and is also the reason why so many of the Roman best practices were passed on to the civilizations following them.
Inventing and Spreading the Western Culture The Romans were the main force in spreading many aspects of what is known Today as the "Western Culture". This includes:
Western values, government and law concepts (see further below) Civil engineering and infrastructure The welfare state An organized military Christianity (world’s most spread religion) Architecture (domes, large arches, vaults, amphitheaters, racing arenas) Art (including mosaics and sculptures) Literature (e.g. Caeser's "Gallic Wars", Virgil’s “Aeneid”, Seneca, Ovid, Marcus Aurelius et al.) Shopping centers (Imperia fora) Food (e.g. Gnocchi, Burgers) Wine culture ...and much more A lot of what we experience Today as the “Western values” most likely was a value back then in Rome as well (mos maiorum). Work hard, be creative and practical, respect your family, country and gods, fight for your freedom, be good, just and trustworthy, act wise, be brave and strong, show moderation and endurance – just to name a few. In the modern era these Western values were spread by the British Empire and the Reformed Christianity with their colonies throughout the whole world.
Forum Romanum, Rome Inventing the 19th Century City The Romans were master builders and constructed cities that had buildings with up to 7 storeys (insula) as well as iconic land marks, many of which you can still visit Today (the Colosseum, the Pantheon, the Forum Romanum).
Many of the Roman structures survived to this day because the Romans invented a special light, but strong and water-resistant type of concrete. As a result you can e.g. still see some of the gigantic 2,000 year old bridges Today, e.g. the Pont du Gard.
The Romans were so good at building that one time the famous Julius Caeser constructed a bridge over the Rhine river within two weeks, crossed it with his army, camped a few days and then returned back destroying the bridge behind him. All just to show the barbarians that the Romans simply can come over at any time and crush them if they want to.
Furthermore, Roman civil engineering and technological inventions, many of which were not rediscovered up until the Industrial Age (!), included:
Public access to fresh running water (over 800 km of aqueducts in the city of Rome alone). Public bathes and bathes with heated floors. Public toilets with flushing function and a canalisation system. A big part of the modern world is still behind these Roman hygiene standards! Public schools for learning reading, writing and counting. The Romans had an early type of public info boards (Acta Diurna), where information was written on metal or stone blocks and then posted in heavily trafficked areas. The great Julius Caesar additionally ordered the publication of the proceedings of the Roman senate (Acta Senatus), giving the common people the possibility to see what the senators where discussing behind closed doors.
The Romans were also the first who actually came to the idea of binding a stack of paper pages together and thus inventing the first books! Before the Romans the world only knew clay tablets and scrolls.
Connecting and Conquering the World To manage their huge empire the Romans built over 400,000 km of roads and over 900 bridges. These “international highways” were first of all built for the military and enabled the Roman legion to move as fast as 40 km per day.
There was also a “highway patrol”, special soldiers dedicated to ensuring safe travel on these roads.
Besides being able to spread information and knowledge with an immense speed, with their extensive road network, the Romans also spread their cuisine: With moving armies, food vendors using stalls where following the demand and provided food-on-the-move. This spread the Roman cuisine and new food ingredients across the Empire (like e.g. introducing apples, garlic, onions, shallots, leeks, cabbages, peas, celery, turnips, radishes, and asparagus, walnuts, sweet chestnuts, grapes, mulberries and cherries to Britain).
The Roman military machine consisted of the world’s first professional standing army, equipped with the latest high-end siege weapons. Many historians agree that the Romans would most likely have smashed the ancient Chinese Empire, if confronted. The reason for that being, that even though the Chinese army was much larger, it consisted mostly of soldiers who were peasants during peace time, while the average Roman legionary trained for 10 hours a day and was up to 20 years in service.
For many centuries Roman soldiers had a longer average life span than the average citizen due to the invention of battlefield medical care and surgery units. Roman medical inventions also included the use hemostatic tourniquets and arterial surgical clamps to limit blood loss. Additionally, medical instruments were disinfected in boiling water before usage, a hygiene practice that was not repeated until the 19th century!
Colosseum, Rome Inventing the Modern Society and State The Romans took the best from the classical Greek and Egyptian world (democracy, architecture, philosophy) and added their own inventions and practical thinking onto it, making them dominant over other cultures in almost every aspect. Rome's power was based on three main pillars: a professional army machine, technological advancement/practicality, and a general opportunistic open mindedness. What was of no practical or idealistic use for the Romans was left to the Greeks and hence the Greeks eventually got conquered by the Romans.
But before someone insists that the Romans had slaves and went to ruthless wars as well. Yes, this is true. But this is also true for pretty much every single ancient civilization. Times were harsh and deadly back then. However, and this is the key point, of all the ancient civilizations back then, the Romans were the least cruel and the most civilized one. No other ancient civilization provided you free fresh drinking water 24/7 and guaranteed your civil and property rights by law. In Ancient Rome every free citizen had the chance to become rich as an entrepreneur and every rich person had the chance to influence politics.
And before Christianity became the state religion, the empire showed an immense culture of tolerance and inclusion towards their citizen with regards to religious freedom. Every new tribe and region that was incorporated into the empire, the Natives were allowed to keep and continue to practice their local religions.
Only later, during the Eastern Roman Empire, when Christianity became the state religion, the religious freedom pretty much ended and Christianity was enforced onto everyone. Many nations who had border contact with the Eastern Roman Empire, like the Russians, adopted the Orthodox Christian religion from the Romans and hence, Russians are still orthodox Christians Today.
The Romans also invented welfare. Powerful politicians worked hard to gain public support and introduced government programs for the distribution of free food, supporting education and providing medical support to the poorer citizens. One of the programs, known as “Alimenta”, was introduced to help feed, clothe and educate poor children and orphans. This program still runs Today under the concept of alimony.
The Pantheon, Rome Rome’s Massive Legacy for Today After the Dark & Middle Age came the Renaissance and this was the time when the ideas of Ancient Rome and the classical world were rediscovered in Central Europe again. This then led to the Industrialization and the modern world. Bringing us to the here and now of 2019. So let's now have a look at Rome's legacy on our daily life Today:
In 2019, almost all of European and South American Countries and half of Asian and African countries base their laws on the Roman civil law concept introduced during the Roman Empire. Almost 2,000 years ago, the Roman civil law concept already included:
Laws protecting human rights and equal opportunity for all citizens. Freedom of thought and speech by law. The right to equal treatment and trial under law for everyone, with the consequence that being rich in most cases would not have saved you from true justice. The concept that a legal trial must include a judge, a suitor and a defendant. The accused was innocent until proven guilty and the accuser must provide the proof, not the one being accused. The right to own property and the right to freedom of contract. The right to write wills and testaments. Detailed laws on corporate structures, marriage, divorce and criminal behaviour.
Baruch 4:2
“Turn thee, O Jacob, and take hold of it: walk in the presence of the light thereof, that thou mayest be illuminated.”
The notion that the Moors built up Spain and Portugal is an outright lie. Spain and Portugal were apart of the Roman Empire and was infrastructurally way ahead of anything in Mali or North Africa although the Moors contributed significantly during their occupation. Yet the original people are not the offspring of Moors and white women as they were brown skinned and fair skinned going way back into antiquity.
Emperor Constantine and his wife St. Helena are pictured here appearing brown skinned. Most Portuguese, Spanish, Italians Silicians and people of the Iberian Peninsula who are descendants of the Romans, Greeks and other Mediterranean people are brown skin.
The conquest of Lisbon by Portugal occurred in 1147 led by King Afonso Henriques, who was a major figure in Portuguese history and played a crucial role in the formation of the Portuguese nation. The city of Lisbon had been controlled by the Moors for centuries, and the Reconquista, or the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors, began in the 8th century.
Afonso Henriques was a Christian ruler who was strongly opposed to the Islamic rule in Portugal, and he rallied his troops to reclaim Lisbon from the Moors in 1147. The city was under Muslim control at the time, and the capture of Lisbon was a significant event in Portuguese history, as it marked the first major step towards the establishment of an independent kingdom in Portugal.
The Templar knights, who were also a Christian military order, played a key role in the conquest of Lisbon, and they fought alongside Afonso Henriques' troops. The city was captured on October 25, 1147. The conquest of Lisbon was an important milestone in Portugal's history, as it marked the beginning of the country's independence from the Muslim rulers and the establishment of a Christian kingdom in the region. The city also went on to become a major economic and cultural center in Portugal, and it still remains an important city in Portugal today.
It is true that both Spain and Portugal were part of the Roman Empire for many years, and the Romans did leave behind a number of well-preserved ruins and infrastructure in those regions. However, the Moors also built a significant amount of infrastructure and monuments during their rule in the Iberian Peninsula. During the Moorish rule, Moorish architects and builders used a variety of styles, including Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic architecture to create some of the most iconic and important structures in the region.
For example, the Alhambra Palace in Granada, Spain, is one of the most famous and impressive examples of Islamic architecture in the region. The Alhambra was built by Muslim rulers in the 14th century, and it is considered one of the most important Islamic-era monuments in Europe.
While the Romans left behind some impressive infrastructure, they did not build everything in the region, and the Moors played a significant role in shaping the architectural and cultural landscape of the Iberian Peninsula. Today, the region is home to a rich and diverse mix of architectural styles, including Roman, Islamic, and Renaissance, which reflect its rich history and the varied cultural influences that have shaped it over the years.
